Geography Class!

Click on a county for more information.

Map of Ireland showing counties and provinces







Name
Antrim
Irish Name
Aontroim
Province
Ulster
County town
Antrim
Population (2002)
Name
Armagh
Irish Name
Árd Mhacha
Province
Ulster
County town
Armagh
Population (2002)
Name
Carlow
Irish Name
Ceatharlach
Province
Leinster
County town
Carlow
Population (2002)
46 014
Name
Cavan
Irish Name
Cabhán
Province
Ulster
County town
Cavan
Population (2002)
56 546
Name
Clare
Irish Name
Clár
Province
Munster
County town
Ennis
Population (2002)
103 277
Name
Cork
Irish Name
Corcaigh
Province
Munster
County town
Cork
Population (2002)
447 829
Name
Derry
Irish Name
Doire
Province
Ulster
County town
Derry
Population (2002)
Name
Donegal
Irish Name
Dún na nGall
Province
Ulster
County town
Lifford
Population (2002)
137 575
Name
Down
Irish Name
Dún
Province
Ulster
County town
Downpatrick
Population (2002)
Name
Dublin
Irish Name
Baile Átha Cliath
Province
Leinster
County town
Dublin
Population (2002)
1 122 821
Notes
County Dublin hasn’t officially existed since 1 January 1994. It is now composed of the counties Fingal in the north, Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown in the southeast, and South Dublin in the southwest.
Name
Fermanagh
Irish Name
Fir Manach
Province
Ulster
County town
Enniskillen
Population (2002)
Name
Galway
Irish Name
Gaillimh
Province
Connacht
County town
Galway
Population (2002)
209 077
Name
Kerry
Irish Name
Ciarraí
Province
Munster
County town
Tralee
Population (2002)
132 527
Name
Kildare
Irish Name
Cill Dara
Province
Leinster
County town
Naas
Population (2002)
163 944
Name
Kilkenny
Irish Name
Cill Chainnigh
Province
Leinster
County town
Kilkenny
Population (2002)
80 339
Name
Laois
Irish Name
Laois
Province
Leinster
County town
Portlaoise
Population (2002)
58 774
Name
Leitrim
Irish Name
Liatroim
Province
Connacht
County town
Carrick-on-Shannon
Population (2002)
25 799
Notes
Every census since 1841 showed a declining population, until 2002. The population increased by 742 people.
Name
Limerick
Irish Name
Luimneach
Province
Connacht
County town
Limerick
Population (2002)
175 304
Name
Longford
Irish Name
Longfort
Province
Leinster
County town
Longford
Population (2002)
31 068
Name
Louth
Irish Name
Province
Leinster
County town
Dundalk
Population (2002)
101 821
Name
Mayo
Irish Name
Maigh Eo
Province
Connacht
County town
Castlebar
Population (2002)
117 446
Name
Meath
Irish Name
Province
Leinster
County town
Trim
Population (2002)
134 005
Name
Monaghan
Irish Name
Muineacháin
Province
Ulster
County town
Monaghan
Population (2002)
52 593
Name
Offaly
Irish Name
Ua Fáilghe
Province
Leinster
County town
Tullamore
Population (2002)
63 663
Name
Roscommon
Irish Name
Ros Comán
Province
Connacht
County town
Roscommon
Population (2002)
53 774
Name
Sligo
Irish Name
Sligeach
Province
Connacht
County town
Sligo
Population (2002)
58 200
Name
Tipperary
Irish Name
Tiobraid Arainn
Province
Munster
County town
Tipperary
Population (2002)
140 131
Name
Tyrone
Irish Name
Tir Eoghain
Province
Ulster
County town
Omagh
Population (2002)
Name
Waterford
Irish Name
Port Lairge
Province
Munster
County town
Waterford
Population (2002)
101 546
Name
Westmeath
Irish Name
Iarmhí
Province
Leinster
County town
Mullingar
Population (2002)
71 858
Name
Wexford
Irish Name
Loch Garman
Province
Leinster
County town
Wexford
Population (2002)
116 596
Name
Wicklow
Irish Name
Cill Mhantáin
Province
Leinster
County town
Wicklow
Population (2002)
114 676

Living in Ireland

Or, as they call it in Irish, Éire. Brandi and I moved here in the fall of 2001, looking for a change in our lives, and hopefully some cheap travel opportunities to Europe, Africa, or maybe Iceland.
We came expecting the verdant green “emerald isle” that the tourist board spreads rumours of, but were a bit disappointed, especially by the environmental situation. The Irish people seemed to take their wonderful island for granted, dumping litter by the tonne everywhere, piping raw sewage into the seas, and vomiting on the streets every Friday and Saturday night (this with plenty of help from the British and American tourists.)
Over the last few years, these things have improved dramatically. As part of joining the EU, things like recycling and stronger environmental protection have come into law, and the government now acknowledges that alcohol is a problem in society, especially youth binge drinking. We saw many improvements in the environmental situation just in the first year we were there, such as the plastic bag levy of 15 cents and the immediate impact it had on the amount of litter.

But you can’t judge a country by its “green” cred, or I wouldn’t be much of a fan of my fellow Canadians either. There were, of course, many good things about living in Ireland, and I’d probably go live there again if I had the chance. A lot of people are very friendly. We had complete strangers offer us a room in their house when we first arrived, and were homeless and unemployed. The countryside is very beautiful, once you’re far enough away from the city. Green fields and castles and stuff, just like the tourist board says! The weather is pretty reasonable, despite what the Irish like to think. It’s a lot drier than my hometown of Vancouver, but feels a lot colder because of the ocean winds, which can produce some amazing storms. I did miss summertime though; we barely broke through 20ºC while we were there.

Finding a Job

We had the misfortune of arriving shortly after the terrorist attacks on 11 September, so Brandi wasn’t able to get a job as a travel agent, which she had been in Vancouver. And computer jobs were as scarce there as they were anywhere those days, despite all the rumours of the “Celtic tiger” economy. So after failing to find jobs in Cork, we relucantly moved to Dublin. Brandi found a job within a couple of weeks, working for AOL Europe as a billing administrator. After about a month I got a job as a box packer and paperwork filler-outer at Money Point. Fortunately I got a promotion four days later, after I was found to be one of those invaluable “computer guys.”
The most useful online resources we found for finding jobs were FÁS, the state employment agency, and irishjobs.ie. The other web sites, were largely filled with recruiting agency positions. For the most part, it seemed that recruiting agencies were just posting positions, even if they had been filled months before, just so they could get people signing up with them. The newspapers were likewise filled with a bunch of recruiting agency jobs, and not a lot of real positions.
After getting our jobs, we needed to get PPS numbers from the government. This was pretty painless, aside from the loooong wait in line with all the welfare recipients. We weren’t able to apply for this right away, because we needed proof of residency first, but the sooner you get it the better. Until you provide the number to your employer, you get taxed at the “emergency” rate, which at the time was 20% for the first month and 40% after that!

Finding a Home

Once we found jobs, we needed a place to live. We were in for a bit of a shock. In Cork, we looked at a few places, including a lovely new condo in Cobh, maybe 800 square feet, about 20 metres from the water, for €725. When looking in Dublin, most of the places were a minimum of €800 for a tiny one bedroom. Of course just over the short time we were there, rents continued to skyrocket even higher. If we had decided to go a year or two later it would have been really painful, but prices now (2009) actually seem about the same as when we were there. Anyway, we went through a property management company, because it seemed easier, and ended up paying €1100 for the two bedroom top floor of a 1960’s row house in Sutton (Bayside.) It had no insulation, so was very cold in the winter, but the furniture, carpets, and kitchen were all new, which was nice. Also, it was a 3 minute walk to either the DART station or the coast road, where we could catch the 31B into town. We could have got a cheaper place, but we wanted to be close to town and work. We had been doing hour long commutes back home, and wanted to avoid it in Ireland.
If I were moving back again, I would most definitely try to get one of the newer apartments in the IFSC district. They were a bit pricier, but it’s a 10 minute walk downtown, they’re warmer, and much more modern.


The Utilities

We had to get our own accounts with ESB (electricity), Bord Gáis (gas), and Eircom (telephone.) I don’t know if it’s the standard to have separate gas and electricity, but that’s the way our landlord had his house set up. Everything was billed bi-monthly, which also was strange to us; everything’s monthly in Canada. Prices weren’t too much higher than home, fortunately – phone was about €60, as was gas. Electricity was a bit less, maybe €50.
Most of the setup was pretty painless, but the phone was terrible. It took 9 weeks to get our phone line hooked up. And once it was hooked up, it was not very good quality. It was okay for phone calls, but our dial-up internet connections (which were free, but for the per-minute charges) were painfully slow. Eircom has reasonably priced high speed internet now, but when we were there it was just being introduced and was about €100 a month.
We didn’t have a TV for the first few months we were there, and when we did get one, we didn’t bother getting cable from NTL, Chorus, or Sky. We could pick up the four Irish channels with the antenna
(RTÉ 1 and 2, TV3, and TG4) so that was good enough for us.
Once we had some bills come in the mail, we could open a bank account. Under some very strict laws – which are supposed to prevent money laundering – we had to not only provide identification, but also a reference from a place of employment, and proof of residency in Ireland. We went with AIB just because they were next door to my wife’s job. The other big banks are Bank of Ireland, and Ulster Bank. There are also “building societies,” which are sort of like our credit unions. EBS is the big one, Permanent TSB used to be just TSB (a building society) but then they got bought, and are now a bank.

Keeping Busy

So we only got four channels on TV, our house was freezing, and we had a dodgy internet connection. As you might imagine, we didn’t hang out at home a whole lot, especially in the winter! One thing which I would recommend to any new residents is a trip to Cineworld Dublin on Parnell Street (behind ILAC Centre.) Not that the cinemas are that great (they’re not) but they have a monthly subscription. For €20 a month (we were paying €12 a month!) you can see as many movies as you like. Yes, that’s right, unlimited movies, for the price of 2 regular admissions. I don’t know if this is a normal thing in Europe, but to a North American it’s like finding the holy grail or something. And, if you plan on traveling, it’s good at dozens of Cineworld cinemas in the UK as well.
We also did a lot of walking around our neighbourhood. As I mentioned, we were only a couple of minutes walk from the coast road. A large proportion of Dublin Bay has a seawall with a bike and pedestrian path on it, which we often walked along. Sutton is situated on a thin little isthmus so we could also go north towards the DART station, and get to the sea that way. Sutton Strand was a very beautiful beach, big and sandy, with a lovely view across the water of Portmarnock and their beach (Velvet Strand.) Often we’d walk east along the beach until we got to Howth, where we could buy some fresh fish for dinner at Beshoff’s, walk around the harbour, or just watch the tourists.
Most weekends we’d go into town and do some shopping. We usually avoided shopping on Grafton Street, because of the large crowds and expensive trendy shops. We found Talbot/Henry/Mary/Earl Street (yes, it was all one street, just lots of names) had pretty much everthing we needed: Tesco, Marks and Spencer, Dunne’s (and of course “Mall Mart” – RIP) Sure it was a bit run down at the Talbot Street end, but we’ve got worse here in Vancouver. That’s not to say we never spent time on the south side of the river – I loved walking along the canal on a sunny day. St. Stephen’s Green shopping centre has a lot of stuff, and there were a lot of shops that we frequented down there. And as for shopping, there weren’t a lot of American companies with stores in Ireland; it was nice getting away from The Gap, Starbucks, Levi’s, Nike, and Sony Stores, etc. Although a lot of that’s going to change eventually. Starbucks, for example, invaded in Summer 2005; they now have 25 shops around Dublin alone.

Travel?

As for that traveling I was mentioning, we spent those first 3 weeks in Cork, visited Donegal and Belfast with Brandi’s relatives, saw Waterford and Galway with my dad, and lots of the countryside in between. I saw Wexford by myself, after Brandi had gone home, although I was shown around by one of the locals. We did get to do a bit of traveling outside Ireland while we were there, to Luxor, Egypt; Oslo, Norway; and Edinburgh, Scotland. We didn’t get away as much as we had hoped, due to the high cost of living and all the money we sent home, but it was nice paying 4 cents to go to Oslo!

The Irish Language

Introduction

The first thing I should mention is that Irish is not Gaelic. The language may be called gaelige in Irish, but in English, Gaelic is the name of a language family that includes Scots Gaelic and Manx as well as Irish.

Having got that out of the way, I can go on to say that Irish is one of the most confusing languages I’ve come across (although it doesn’t even begin to compare with Welsh.) I think it’s mostly because they use most of the standard Roman alphabet, but half the letters don’t make the same sounds they do in English, French, or any other language I know that uses the Roman alphabet. They used to have their own alphabet, similar to ours, but it fell victim to government policy in the mid-20th century. So even though I know it’s a foreign language, I can’t help but think of the English pronunciation of the letters. As I am about to explain, this is a big mistake.

Pronunciation

If you ever visit Ireland, you can amuse the locals by trying desparately to pronounce Irish words phonetically. Dublin, for example, is written Baile Áth Cliath. It is pronounced (ball’-ya ahh clee-aw’). The Irish word for prime minister is taoiseach, but is pronounced (tee’-shok). There are patterns that emerge once you’ve been exposed to it for a while, but overall it’s very confusing. I’m using very approximate pronunciations, because a) I am not a dictionary, and b) some of the sounds in Irish aren’t found in English at all. The word for the police (gardai), for example has an unusual /d/ sound. The best I can explain it is this: the same thing you do with a /t/ to make a /th/ sound – you do that to the /d/

There are 17 letters in the Irish alphabet. Vowels can have an acute accent (fada) added, and consonants can be modified by a following h. The h is not a letter, it’s just like an accent (if you think about it, the h sometimes serves this purpose in English, with ch, gh, ph, sh, and th.) It used to be represented by a dot (sí buailte) over the letter, but that was discarded when they switched over to the Roman alphabet. Here’s a rough pronunciation guide, although there are all sorts of exceptions, as with any language.

Letter Pronunciation
Broad* Slender*
a ah
á aw
b b b
bh v w
c k k
ch guttural
ch
guttural
ch
d d j
dh guttural
gh
ee
e eh
é ay
f f
fh silent silent
g g g
gh guttural
gh
ee
i i
í ee
l l l
m m m
mh w v
n n n
o aw
ó oh
p p p
ph f f
r r r
s s sh
sh h h
t t ch
th h h
u uh
ú oo

*Broad and Slender

Consonants are considered broad when surrounded by a, á, o, ó, u, or ú. They are considered slender when surrounded by e, é, i, or í. The vowels on either side of a consonant are required to be the same class, except with some foreign words.


Place Names

For anyone wanting to visit the country, here’s a list of common words that you’ll see in town names. Keep in mind many of these were anglicized during British occupation. So, for example, Dun Moíre, which originally meant “the large fort,” would be called Dunmore. (Irish is similar to French, in that adjectives usually come after the noun they are modifying.)

Irish word English adoption translation Example
baile bally town Ballymun
bun bun foot (of a river) Bunratty
carrig carrick/carrig rock Carrick-on-Suir
cill kill church Killester
cluain clon field Clontarf
dubh dub black Dublin
dún dun fort Dundrum
inis ennis/innis land Inniskillen
leitir letter hillside Letterkenny
loch loch/lough lake Glendalough
moír more big Tramore
noc knock hill Knock
rath rath fort Rathmines
trá tra beach Tramore

Common Words

Some other words you might come across…

Irish English pronunciation
Éire Ireland (air’-a)
Éireann Irish (air’-an)
fáilte/fáilte isteach welcome/welcome in (fawl’-cha)/(fawl’-cha ish’-tock)
fir men (feer)
garda/gardai a police officer/the police (gar’-da)/(gar-dee’)
iarnród railroad (ee-arn’-rod)
an lár city centre (on lar)
mná women
slán/slán abhaile goodbye (slawn)
Taoiseach prime minister (tee-shok’)
Tánaiste deputy prime minister (taw’-nish-ta)
uisce water (ish’-ka)

Names

There are some unusual names, or common names with unusual pronunciation. I’ll give the English equivalent if it sounds the same, or the pronunciation if it doesn’t.

Irish Pronunciation
Aisling (f) (ash’-ling)
Eithne (f) (et’-na)
Emer (f) (ee’-mer)
Eoin (m) Owen
Grainne (f) (grawn’-ya)
Kieran (m) (kee’-ron)
Micheál (m) (mee’-hall)
Niamh (f) (neev)
Nuala (f) (noo’-la)
Oife (f) (ee’-fah)
Oisin (m) (oh’-sheen)
Padraig (m) (por’-ig)
Ruaraidh (m) Rory
Róisín (f) (rosh’-een)
Seán (m) Shawn
Siobhán (f) (shuh-vawn’)

English Usage

The Irish have a unique way of phrasing many English constructions; often this is related to how the same phrase is used in Irish. The most noticeable example is the use of the word “after” as a verb modifier. “I’m after having seen that new film,” which would mean that the speaker has just recently seen the film. This phrasing is a literal translation from the Irish. This literal translation also results in a question such as “How long are you a teacher?” The speaker is asking how long the person has been a teacher. Fairly straightforward, but it can be confusing if you are living in Ireland and people ask, “How long are you in Ireland?” What do they mean? How long have I been here? Or how long will I be here?

Another notable construction is in responses to questions. “Will we see you tonight at the pub” could (but likely wouldn’t) be answered by “You will not.” Similarly, “Can I have a biscuit?” could be answered by, “You can of course,” or just “You can.” Some sources I’ve seen claim that this stems from a lack of words for yes and no in Irish, but my understanding is that there are such words, at least in modern Irish. Similar sounding but unrelated, if you were offered a biscuit and declined it, you could expect your polite host to insist, “You will.” (or, “You will of course.” Irish hostesses can be very insistent.) Beware! Further refusal may be met with cries of “Go on!”

Questions are often followed by the answer the speaker expects to recieve. For example, “The film was crap, yeah?”
And whereas the American use of “like” is to insert it as a placeholder in the middle of a sentence (“That was, like, so funny.”), the Irish put it at the end (“That was real funny, like.”) In both cases it is, of course, completely useless.

External Links

I find the English language to be endlessly fascinating. Likewise with others’ use of it. Here are a few pages I’ve found interesting that relate to the Irish use of English.